In 2020, NASA's Neurolab centrifuge demonstrated human tolerance to 1g artificial gravity during orbital flight—the only such validation in 27 years, despite microgravity causing 0.5–1.5% monthly bone loss and 70% incidence of vision-threatening neuro-ocular syndrome among ISS astronauts. This validates rotating systems' physiological potential as Artemis lunar missions and crewed Mars transits create urgency for comprehensive countermeasures. This white paper examines artificial gravity technologies across 2020–2025 development, analyzing rotational mechanics, simulation methods (full-rotation spacecraft, short-arm centrifuges, tethered systems), and multi-system physiological efficacy. As ISS operations continue through 2030 and commercial platforms including Axiom Station and Orbital Reef position for deployment, the 2026–2032 transition window creates strategic opportunities for centrifuge module development, variable-gravity research platforms, and rotating transit vehicle architectures addressing exploration-class mission requirements.

Infrastructure development in space represents a monumental leap toward creating permanent outposts that will facilitate exploration and potential colonization. The establishment of orbital stations, as well as lunar and Martian facilities, hinges on a myriad of technological innovations. Orbital infrastructure is becoming increasingly vital, with satellite constellations like Starlink enhancing communications and data analytics necessary for scientific, commercial, and military applications.